TSMC expects 'strong, multi-year' demand for AI chips as it ramps up Arizona investment

Asked if the company would consider raising money by selling new shares in the U.S., Huang said it would "not rule out issuing new bonds" if market conditions are favourable.

Despite its aggressive expansion plans, TSMC faces headwinds from geopolitical tensions between Washington and Beijing, with the U.S. seeking to control advanced chip exports to China.

Reuters reported last year that TSMC could face a penalty of $1 billion or more to settle a U.S. export control investigation over a chip it made that ended up inside a Huawei AI processor.

Huang referred questions about the status of the case and any potential penalty to the U.S. government, but said TSMC's internal export control system was constantly being reviewed.

"I have to say there is (only) so much we can do in terms of complying with all the rules and regulations, but when the customers sell to customers, they sell to customers," he said.