The US government's use of Qwen emerged amid a global reckoning about AI safety and a US debate over whether regulatory safeguards on AI are needed or would put the country at a competitive disadvantage.
AI experts said the use of the Chinese tool on the Federal Register's website may not have posed national security risks. But it raised questions about whether the federal government was contradicting its own messages about Chinese AI models.
Daniel Castro, president of the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, said there was a disconnect between the fierce US-China competition to build superior AI models and a US agency choosing to use a Chinese-made AI model.
"It's one of the most insane things I've ever seen," he said.
The Federal Register website, which provides a daily list of newly proposed regulations, offered the Qwen model as a tool to browse public comments.
Qwen is an open-weight model, meaning key components of the system are publicly available. Developers can download and modify the model for specific uses, often at lower cost than closed models from companies such as Anthropic and OpenAI.
“No federal government entity should use a Chinese AI model," said US Representative John Moolenaar, a Michigan Republican who chairs the House China Committee. "Doing so only makes the federal government more dependent on Chinese AI models and that is not in the national interest."
Security experts say open-weight models can run on a company's own IT infrastructure, giving organizations greater control over sensitive data that might otherwise be shared with outside providers.
Georgetown Law Professor Anupam Chander said the use of Qwen did not appear to present an immediate cybersecurity risk, though that depends on how the model was trained. The Federal Register website's content is already public, so the model was not working with sensitive government information.
Democratic US Senator Mark Warner of Virginia, vice chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, said in a statement that the risk depends on whether US data left the government's security boundary and was processed on Alibaba-controlled systems.
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