Pressure campaign, energy disruption and Iran sanctions history
Daniel Fried, a former U.S. State Department sanctions coordinator who is now with the Atlantic Council, said that the announcement "did not live up to the hype," but economic pressure is better than restarting military conflict.
The pressure campaign on Iran will take time to work and patience and possibly require some concessions on the part of the Trump administration to secure cooperation, he said.
"You're going to have to get the Gulf countries to agree, and you're going to have to listen to what they want, and be steady," Fried said.
Trump's war with Iran, which has pushed energy prices higher worldwide, is about to hit its six-month mark. While heavy fighting has subsided, diplomatic efforts to end the war have stalled and oil and raw material shipping through the Strait of Hormuz remains blocked, keeping energy prices elevated.
Trump's approval rating has fallen to a low point, with just 33% of Americans in the latest Reuters/Ipsos poll approving of his performance. He says the economic costs are necessary to ensure Iran does not have a nuclear weapon.
The U.S. has maintained sanctions against Iran for decades, most of which have been aimed at curtailing the country's oil revenues, acquisition of weapons components and cutting off funding for business enterprises controlled by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, a dominant force in the Iranian economy.
The sanctions bar designated entities from the dollar-based financial system, but Iran has been successful in quickly standing up new front companies, other entities and vessel registrations to evade the sanctions.
The Treasury Department has also recently sanctioned independent Chinese "teapot" refineries for buying Iranian oil, and expanded sanctions on the "shadow fleet" of tankers transporting Iranian oil.
Tehran has managed to weather decades of U.S. sanctions but the naval blockade that the U.S. imposed has inflicted severe economic damage on the country.
That already curbed Chinese offers to purchase Iranian crude, Reuters reported on Friday, which may lessen the impact of secondary sanctions on China.
Earlier this month, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth said the United States could maintain the naval blockade indefinitely, which could keep oil prices elevated, potentially stirring U.S. voter anger ahead of congressional elections in November.
Treasury Department data shows the U.S. has imposed Iran-related sanctions on more than 1,000 people, vessels and aircraft since Trump began his second term in 2025.
Recent measures have targeted Iran's shadow oil fleet, shipping insurers, weapons-procurement network, and digital exchanges, freezing an estimated $500 billion in Iran-linked cryptocurrency.
Bessent singled out Iran's Bank Melli, which continues to operate branches in Europe, the Middle East and Asia.
"Every branch of Bank Melli must be shuttered and dark," he said.
US warns of secondary sanctions but does not impose new penalties yet
WASHINGTON, Aug. 24 (Reuters) - President Donald Trump's administration on Monday warned countries to cut their business ties with Iran or face secondary sanctions as part of what it billed as an "economic D-Day," but the Treasury Department stopped short of actually imposing penalties.
As the war with Iran nears its six-month mark, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said the U.S. was launching an "economic onslaught" against Iran's financial connections around the globe.
But he declined to say what specific countries would be targeted, or when those penalties would take effect. The Treasury Department announced new sanctions on 60 individuals, entities and vessels but that list did not include any of the Chinese financial institutions suspected of facilitating Iran's oil trade.
"Why would I want to blow up the global financial system? We believe that it is important to level set and give people a cure period, but they should know that that will move very quickly and that we are serious," Bessent told a press conference.
China, sanctions scope and possible move against a financial institution
China has for several years been the biggest buyer of Iranian oil, and Washington has intensified its efforts to clamp down on Chinese purchases, but has so far stopped short of targeting Chinese banks with sanctions.
Asked whether the Treasury was now prepared to move against a Chinese bank, he said that no country was out of the reach of U.S. sanctions, adding: "If they facilitate transactions and are part of the ecosystem that turns Iranian oil into money, into repression, they will be targeted."
With Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping scheduled to meet in Washington in late September, new sanctions on Chinese banks could sour prospects for extending a deal struck last November to keep Chinese rare earths flowing and cap U.S. tariffs.
Tuesday's action targeted other businesses in China, the UAE, Singapore and several other countries, including a cooking-oil refinery in France.
Bessent said the U.S. was expanding the scope of commercial activities that could be subject to secondary sanctions in five sectors of the Iranian economy: digital assets, gold, technology, aviation and shipping.
He said he previewed a "major announcement" of sanctions on a financial institution by the end of the week but a Treasury spokesperson did not respond to a request for more information.
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