V•Visa estimates payment credential testing contributes to more than $1 billion in annual fraud losses. Enumeration-related fraud rose to 8.7% of global fraud in 2025 from 6% in 2022.
Visa estimates payment credential testing, also known as enumeration, contributes to more than $1 billion in annual fraud losses across the global payments ecosystem. Enumeration-related fraud rose to 8.7% of global fraud in 2025 from 6% in 2022, while fraud linked to compromised-data events fell from more than 10% to less than 4% by late 2025.
Hundreds of millions of enumeration attempts were identified in the second half of 2025. In North America, 27% of enumeration-related fraud occurred within seven days in the third quarter of 2025, up from 19% a year earlier.
